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TL; DR: A Legal Entity Identifier (LEI) is a unique 20‑character code that identifies a legal entity in financial markets. In the UK, a business can’t invest without an active LEI…

A retirement plan is only as strong as its response to the things you didn’t plan for. Personal risk is everything outside the spreadsheet: an illness, an early redundancy, a…

The State Pension is an important foundation for UK retirees, but it doesn’t provide enough on its own for most people to live a comfortable retirement. The most useful way…

Your workplace pension is, for most people, the single biggest driver of their retirement income. The State Pension provides a basic floor (more on that in our State Pension guide), …

The same average return can produce two completely different retirements. The difference is timing, specifically what markets do in the first few years after you start drawing on your pension.…

Investing carries risk. Anyone who tells you otherwise is selling something. Investment risk is the chance that your portfolio doesn’t do what you wanted it to. Markets fall, a sector…

A pension growing at 4% a year sounds like progress. If prices are rising at 4% a year, it isn’t. Inflation is the gap between the number on your pension…

Most people plan for a retirement that’s shorter than the one they’ll actually have. ONS data puts current UK life expectancy at around 79 for men and 83 for women, …